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&1dquo;是能辨分宁狱者，吾属得所诉矣。”（同上）仁宗嘉祐元年（1o56年）改太子中
舍，签书署合州判官，共计五年。嘉祐六年（1o61年），迁国子监博士，通判虔州。
宋英宗治平元年（1o64年）移任永州通判。宋神宗熙宁元年（1o68年），转虞部郎
中，擢提点广南西路刑狱，次年移知南康军。熙宁五年（1o72年）定居于庐山濂溪
书堂，次年六月病死于此，终年57岁。
纵观周敦颐的政治生涯，其官阶并不显达，始终是地方官吏，如主簿、县令、
州判官、知州军等，主要是做司法工作，其政绩亦表现在司法工作之中，在当时算
得是一位清官。后来黄庭坚称颂他&1dquo;人品甚高，胸怀洒落，如光风霁月，廉于取名
而锐于求志，薄于徽福而厚于得民，菲于奉身而燕及茕嫠，陋于希世而尚友千古”
（同上）。又《年谱》记载说：&1dquo;先生素贫，初入京师，鬻其产以行，择留美四十
余亩，畀周兴耕之。”潘兴嗣说周敦颐在洪州南昌做官，得过一场大病，去看望他
时，&1dquo;视其家，服御之物，止一敝箧，钱不满百。”（《濂溪先生墓志铭》）。
《年谱》又说：&1dquo;先生平日俸禄，悉以周宗族，奉宾友，乃分司而归，妻子囗粥或
不给，旷达不以为意。”这些评语，不免有溢美之辞，但至少反映了周敦颐在精神
生活上不失为一光明、正直的清高的君子儒，在物质生活上确实是比较清寒的。
在3o年的政治生涯中，周敦颐一面做官，一面潜心于儒家学说的研究和传授，
他既是一个官员，又是一位出色的儒学大师。据《年谱》说，他在郴县为县令时，
&1dquo;至县，修学校，以教人”；在合州五年，与士大夫广为交结，&1dquo;士之从学者甚
众”。在代理邵州时，更是大开讲学之风。当时的荆湖北路转运史孔延之在《邵州
迁学记》中赞颂他说：&1dquo;周君好学博通，言行政事，皆本之六经，考之孟子，故
其所设施，卓卓如此。异时宋史书周君之善，以为后世法，未必不以邵学为先”
（《周子全书》卷17）至此，周敦颐已被看作是一位应当青史留名的儒学大师了。
周敦颐在邵州还写了《邵州迁学释祝文》，其中称颂孔子说：&1dquo;惟夫子道德高厚，
教化无穷，实与天地参而四时同&he11ip;&he11ip;施其道，泽及生民者，代有之，然而夫子之宫
可忽欤！”（同上）。这说明他也认为自己是复兴儒学、施行孔子之道的一代大师
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